Early October brings matsutake mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake) to Pacific Northwest forests, with these highly prized fungi returning to the exact same locations year after year, sometimes for decades. Matsutake are among the world's most valuable wild mushrooms, commanding prices of $20-100+ per pound depending on quality and market demand. In the Pacific Northwest, they fruit primarily in the Cascade Range foothills in association with Douglas-fir, forming mycorrhizal relationships with tree roots. Matsutake have a distinctive spicy-cinnamon aroma and firm, white flesh, though they're completely hidden beneath forest duff when young, requiring experienced hunters to locate them. The mushrooms fruit in late September through November, with peak abundance in October. Commercial matsutake harvesting represents a significant economic activity in Pacific Northwest forests, with much of the harvest exported to Japan where matsutake hold deep cultural significance.